Why does concrete flake and spall? In areas of the country that are subjected to freezing and thawing the concrete should be air-entrained to resist flaking and scaling of the surface. If [...]
Many materials have no effect on concrete. However, there are some aggressive materials, such as most acids, that can have a deteriorating effect on concrete.
Continuing our exploration into the basics of concrete and cement, we explore the various types and uses of portland cement. Though all portland cement is basically the same,
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that, along with water and portland cement, are an essential ingredient in concrete.